Charlotte, NC, United States (AHN) – Bank of America repurchased $2.5 billion in debt from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac because of complaints from the two largest mortgage firms that the mortgages were based on faulty data.

The bank agreed to buy back the mortgages to resolve the dispute.

The repurchase actually cost BofA approimate $3 billion, which included loss reserves for loans that were not part of the agreement.

The buyback may cause similar settlements by other large U.S. banks such as Wells Fargo, Citigroup and Washington Mutual as mortgage buyers try to force the banks to repurchase loans made with incorrect income data and wrong home values.

In October, BofA disclosed that it has $12.9 billion unresolved put-back demands, 50 percent of which were linked to government-sponsored entities. BofA then said it reserved $4.4 billion for costs related to the problem.

After the buyback, BofA’s shares rose 61 cents to $13.95 at the New York Stock Exchange composite trading.

In addition to the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac claims, BofA faces a lawsuit from MBIA which claimed the bank fraudulently induced MBIA to insure $21 billion in mortgage-backed securities.

The Pacific Investment Management Company and Federal Reserve Bank of New York similarly demanded from BofA repurchase on loans packaged into $47 billion of bonds.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, bond insurance companies and private investors still have $2 trillion of bad loans.

View full post on Buyback Stories

Charlotte, NC, United States (AHN) – Bank of America repurchased $2.5 billion in debt from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac because of complaints from the two largest mortgage firms that the mortgages were based on faulty data.

The bank agreed to buy back the mortgages to resolve the dispute.

The repurchase actually cost BofA approimate $3 billion, which included loss reserves for loans that were not part of the agreement.

The buyback may cause similar settlements by other large U.S. banks such as Wells Fargo, Citigroup and Washington Mutual as mortgage buyers try to force the banks to repurchase loans made with incorrect income data and wrong home values.

In October, BofA disclosed that it has $12.9 billion unresolved put-back demands, 50 percent of which were linked to government-sponsored entities. BofA then said it reserved $4.4 billion for costs related to the problem.

After the buyback, BofA’s shares rose 61 cents to $13.95 at the New York Stock Exchange composite trading.

In addition to the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac claims, BofA faces a lawsuit from MBIA which claimed the bank fraudulently induced MBIA to insure $21 billion in mortgage-backed securities.

The Pacific Investment Management Company and Federal Reserve Bank of New York similarly demanded from BofA repurchase on loans packaged into $47 billion of bonds.

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, bond insurance companies and private investors still have $2 trillion of bad loans.

View full post on Buyback Stories

Chicago, IL, United States (AHN) – Chicago Boxed Beef Distributors Inc., a Shorewood, Ill., establishment is recalling approximately 3,200 pounds of raw and ready-to-eat sausage products that were not handled in a manner to prevent cross contamination between raw and ready-to-eat products.

In addition, the product label used by the company was not approved by FSIS. The products are considered adulterated because the company could not document that it took the necessary steps to produce safe products and ensure that they were produced under sanitary conditions, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) announced today.

The following product is subject to recall:

• 3.6-pound boxes of “SAUSAGE LINKS & COOKED SAUSAGE PATTIES,” with each box containing 2 unlabeled packages.

Each box bears a label with establishment number “EST. 17126″ inside the USDA mark of inspection and can be identified by the item code “9004.” The establishment is recalling all the products listed above which are currently in commerce. The products subject to recall were sold to a distributor for door-to-door sale in Fla., Ill., Ky., S.C., and Texas.

The problem was discovered through a routine inspection conducted by FSIS in-plant inspection personnel. The routine inspection uncovered evidence to show that the establishment produced the products without a food safety plan (HACCP plan) in place for handling ready-to-eat products and therefore FSIS must consider the products to be adulterated.

FSIS and the company have received no reports of illnesses due to consumption of these products. Anyone concerned about a reaction should contact a healthcare provider.

FSIS routinely conducts recall effectiveness checks to verify recalling firms notify their customers of the recall and to ensure that steps are taken to make certain that the product is no longer available to consumers.

Consumers and media with questions about the recall should contact the company’s Vice President, Daniel Barry at (815) 729-4567.

View full post on Economy, Business And Finance Stories

Understanding Debt Consolidation

If you are currently handling multiple credit card debts and literally struggling to keep up with their monthly payments, you can borrow a single loan at a lower interest rate and can replace your existing loans with this newer and convenient loan option. Now you only have a single monthly payment, to a single creditor at a fixed rate of interest and it is affordable and probably lower than the combined payments on all of those credit cards. It is known as a consolidation loan.

Why do you need to consolidate?

Tackling multiple debts is time consuming and stress full and with credit card debt which has extremely high interest rates, managing debt loads sometimes become near to impossible. Debt consolidation loan works as a stress buster and could make things easier, simpler and cheaper.  As it usually stretches the repayment period for 20-30 years, and gives you with enough time to pay back the loans. Naturally, the monthly payments get considerably lower due to the longer loan term. Additionally, as debt consolidation loans are mostly secured loans, the lenders incur no risk of losing their money and offer lower rate of interest.

What Kind of Debt Consolidation Solutions Work Best?

While consolidating your debts you have a variety of options to choose from. You can obtain a personal loan or a home equity loan and can merge you existing debts with them or you can opt for 0% introductory rate credit card and can consider a balance transfer. All the above mentioned option offers lower interest rate and favorable terms so that you can take make a big dent in your outstanding debts quite easily.

If you are still in confusion whether you should borrow a consolidation loan or not you can think from credit perspective. Being a debt reduction process, Debt consolidation has least impact on one’s credit score and if you can make timely payments after consolidation, chances are you can boost your credit score in a while. With Debt consolidation you can come out of the labyrinth of debts sooner or later.

Now, when you have considered the limitations of what you could actually afford, the next step to do in your list of what look when buying home would be location. The property you are about to buy should be in a place that’s just “a stone’s throw away,” so to speak, for the sake of convenience. Take into consideration that, since you’d be shelling out a big slice of your liquid assets to pay for the house up front or for down payment (if it’d be on an installment basis), you won’t have too much left for other basic needs like transportation for yourself and your family, for example.

RealtyTrac publishes over 1 Million properties from nearly 2,500 counties nationwide, and is the foreclosure data provider to MSN Real Estate, Yahoo! Real Estate and The Wall Street Journal’s Real Estate Journal. Start searching for your next home today with RealtyTrac and save money. Join now!

Even the time you’d have to spend stuck in traffic would be precious commodity if your house would be located too far from most of those places you frequent, like your place of work, the church you go to on Sundays, the marketplace and malls where you have to do your shopping, and a good school for your children. So consider strategic location seriously.

Last, but not the least, in your list of what to look for when buying a home would be comfort and beauty. Of course, you’d want to be the proud owner of a home that you would not hesitate to show off to your friends or to your boss or, if you’re single, to your boss’ single daughter you might have been drooling over, too, for some time now. Your house should not be garish. Keep in mind that a house that is “garish” is tasteless and ugly, and does not give a good impression of the owner. Simple and practical are beautiful — opt for simplicity and functionality in your house style and in your choice of furniture and fixtures, and you’d earn the admiration of your peers and higher-ups. Your home is an extension of yourself. It is a place of your comfort and peace of mind. Do not make it anything less by a display of poor taste.

Learn more at http://www.House-Selling-Pros.com.

photo credit: armandoalves

In our investment banking business we are often contacted by business start-ups asking for our help in raising money. I am sure that we were not the first organization that was contacted and that these hopeful entrepreneurs had been searching for months for funding. I try to be helpful and spend time on the phone with these people asking what I consider to be basic Business 101 questions. What is your product or service? What unmet need is it designed to fill? Who else is in your space? How does their product or service compare to your product or service? What is the size of the potential market? Why would a customer switch to your company? How do you plan on selling your product?

Often I am amazed that the entrepreneur has focused inwardly on his hobby or invention or software and has given very little thought to the potential market. Why build a business to sell to a small market segment? Every once in a while, an entrepreneur contacts me and the product or service really hits me as a winner. That is what happened when I was contacted by Russ Notestine, an inventor with a unique product. He had many of the elements mentioned above going in his favor but was still struggling because he had little experience in actually marketing a product. One of the reasons I got interested was that Russ had created a product designed to help back pain sufferers.

Well, that was me, so I was all ears. I had tweaked my back in an athletic event, still approaching the competition with the zeal of a college athlete but trapped in a 50 year old’s body. I was in significant pain and took the usual over the counter pain killers that only reduced the pain by 10%. The next day I could hardly get out of bed my lower back pain was so intense. I called the local chiropractor and began a treatment routine that involved 3 visits per week, heat, electric stimulation and adjustments. I bought my kneeling chair so I could actually work. I even bought the inversion boots so I could hang upside down in an attempt to provide some kind of relief.

My chiropractor got me to the point where I was at least able to be productive at work, but I continued treatments for almost a year. The medical bills were expensive, totaling about $6,000. The really expensive part was the one and one half hours I took out of my work day 2 and 3 days a week. If any of you run your own company, that expense dwarfed my medical expense. Nothing was working for me and I was ready to eat spiders if I thought it could make this problem go away.

Well, Russ tells me that I am not unusual and that 50 million Americans will suffer from at least one bout of serious back pain in their lives. He had passed test number one. There is a huge market for this product. He is explaining how his Vacupractor works and I am thinking (having seen or heard it all from start up companies), oh come on. He says he has this molded plastic shell that is about the size of your back. He tells me that you spray the device with water and then lay down on it. You then pick up your legs and slowly lower them and this creates a vacuum suction as the air is expelled. The device sticks to your back almost like a hard contact lens sticks to your eye. He explained that the suction stretches your back muscles and gently aligns your spine. Given that I was ready to eat spiders, I asked him to send me the Vacupractor.

My back had been OK for a few months so the thing sat in the box for a couple of weeks with little attention from me. I then strained my back again in my next event and I was feeling the beginning of another bout of back pain. I got home and got out the device and sprayed it with water and followed the instructions to expel the air and create the vacuum. I laid on it for about 15 minutes and could feel my back muscles relax. When I got off it, the pain was not completely gone but was considerably reduced. The next morning I got on it again and as I worked that afternoon I suddenly realized that I was not thinking about my back because the pain was totally gone and the start of a potentially long and painful lower back pain bout had been avoided. I couldn’t believe it. I called Russ to tell him about my experience and he said that is pretty much what he hears from other users.
photo credit: Marco Gomes

I was so grateful that I told Russ that I would try to help him with his marketing and sales. We still do not have that solved, but in terms of the other elements for a start up succeeding our entrepreneur has several things going for him:

Huge potential market

Totally unique solution to a painful problem

Cost competitive – the device costs less than 1 chiropractor visit

The potential for a big word of mouth viral marketing boost

Good product gross margins

I don’t think Russ consciously thought about the Business 101 issues when he started. He was a back pain sufferer and an inventor and he had an unmet need because none of the existing products solved his problem. He set out to create a lower back pain remedy for himself and when he got the solution, he thought, wow, I really have something here and there must be a huge market for it. I think he is right. Now if he can figure out how to generate meaningful sales with a limited marketing budget, he has a chance to turn a great product into a great business.

Here is an examples of a business idea that did not pass the Business 101 start up test. I was contacted by a software company that had built the best system for managing the sourcing of clothing to overseas contract manufacturers. They spent $1.5 million in development before doing any research on the competitive landscape. It turns out that for them to be reasonably profitable, they would have to sell the software license for a minimum of $50,000 per company license. The competitive systems in the industry, although not as robust as this one, had 85% of the functionality. They charged a monthly license fee of $300 per month. Our guys were priced way out of the market and literally shut this division down.

What an expensive lesson that should have been avoided before the start. If you are thinking of creating a company, make sure the economics are in your favor before you start. Are your margins going to be high enough to make the company viable? Another huge oversight by these very optimistic entrepreneurs is they figure like in Field of Dreams, if you build it they will come. Save that one for the field of fiction. In business, if you sell it they will come. Even the best ideas and the best products will die if you are not able to achieve meaningful distribution in a cost effective fashion. Go through this little exercise before you start. Who is in my space? How do they sell their product? Is it through a direct sales channel? What does it cost for a salesman to sell the product? What volume can a salesman reasonably expect to sell in a year? What revenues and profits are generated by a salesman at 100% of quota? What is the company’s cost for a salesman at 100% of quota? Does it make economic sense?

The Internet has been a game changer for start-ups with very few barriers to entry. These companies are very easy to start, but almost impossible to scale without some big funding. The sad truth is that the guys that are starting these businesses and getting the funding are guys that have done it before. A great article was recently published in Fortune Magazine about the original founders of Pay-Pal. Well these folks have made investors a lot of money before and the odds are very good that if they did it once, then they can do it again. That theory has been validated with these wizards founding Digg, LinkedIn, Slide, Mozilla, Technorati, and having a significant investment in Facebook.

The VC’s line up to give these guys money. For others it is a painful process of endless meetings and presentations and no money. As a start up company, you have many things going against you. Make sure you are not blinded by your great idea. Think about the market demand, your competition, your margins, your sales and marketing, and getting your company to break even. Do not get distracted trying to attract VC financing at this point. If you can generate enough sales to fund your operations through bootstrapping, you have passed a big test of market validation. If you now need financing to take the company to the next level, then the professional investors will start to listen.

Dave Kauppi is the editor of The Exit Strategist Newsletter, a Merger and Acquisition Advisor and President of MidMarket Capital, representing owners in the sale of privately held businesses. We provide Wall Street style investment banking services to lower mid market companies at a size appropriate fee structure.

photo credit: Valdo Raps

Its no secret most entrepreneurs have limited resources as it pertains to how and where to secure capital infusion. It is these limitations, which precludes small businesses from moving past level one in business and on to a more lucrative future.

There are numerous loan programs and lending institutions servicing small business owner’s nationwide. The problem is not getting the money, it’s how and where to find it. If more business owners knew how and where to secure capital, there would be a larger number of businesses growing and succeeding than those that are dissolving-today.

When our government enacted laws and policies to protect and support our economic system, which is the mainstream source for derived goods and services supplied by the business community, it included providing capital infusion to businesses for the continuity of our economy’s stability and growth. Today there are various resource centers, which provide an array of business development services such as the Small Business Development Centers (SBDC), Service Corps of Retired Executives (SCORE), Women Business Centers (WBC), and Veteran Business Opportunity Centers (VBOC). Take advantage of them, they can be viable to the success of your business.

First things first- you must do your research. You should know: the different types of lenders; what loan programs they offer; how much they will lend you and what is their criteria; what other financing options are available to you and what are their lending policies.

To get you started. There are four types of lenders (1) Traditional Lenders- larger chain banks; strict criteria; larger loans; preferred SBA lender, (2) Third-Party Lenders- community sub-lenders which offer smaller loans and partner with traditional lenders to process loans ranging from $100,000 to Millions, (3) Private Lenders- provides in house financing, offer smaller loans; lower interest rates; flexible criteria and accommodates start-ups, and (4) Investors- require a higher interest rate on their return; part ownership of the business; some will provide management support and have access to viable resources.
It’s very important to know whom you are asking money from. It’s like the term we use “know your competitors inside and out”, well the same principle applies here. Why? to compare financial products that best accommodates your needs. You want to secure the best deal at the best rate. I always recommend my clients prepare a Where’s The Money Strategy. Having this kind of strategy helps you identify your financial need, compare loan products, determine which lender best suits your need and which lender offers the best deal.

Now you might be saying, “there’s no money available, lenders are not issuing credit to anyone right now”, yes there are still some cash flowing lenders out there. Traditional lenders might have tightened their reigns, however private lenders, local community banks and some third-party lenders are still in the business of lending money. Although we are currently in an economic downturn, they have not been inflected in such away as the traditional banking institutions, which allow these lenders to remain strong and more vital to the business community.

Did you know the Small Business Administration has loan programs designed to meet the financial needs of all aspects of the business industry ranging from $5,000 to Millions? There are six programs used widely to address these needs. The Community Express Loan, Patriots Express Loan, SBA Express Loan, and CAP Lines which is an umbrella of five additional programs (1. Seasonal Line of Credit, 2. Contract Loan Program, 3. Builders Line Program, 4. Small Asset Based Line (SABL), and 5. Standard Asset Based Line. Then there are the two most common loans 7a and 504.

I recommend contacting your local VDEC center and visiting the Jewish Free Loan Associations website www.jfla.org and Accion at www.accion.com, if you are in need of a small capital infusion- $15,000-$25,000 today.

As a business strategist for many years, working with small businesses and lenders, I’ve discovered faults and weaknesses of the lending industry, which has made the borrowing process for minorities and women challenging. In my new book “Where’s The Money? Accessing Capital”, outlines specifics about how and where to secure capital infusion for start-ups and existing businesses.

Visit my website to learn more about the Wade Institute http://www.wadeinstitute.org and my ebookstore for newly released books http://store.wadeinstitute.org

photo credit: tombothetominator

Do existing businesses need money? Probably.

Is this a time to start a business? Maybe.

In either case, the business plan you write today will be different than the one you wrote five years ago. Five years ago money was available. It is still there, but it is a lot harder to find, and to tie down. Here are the five keys to getting funding now:

1. Take it as far as you can yourself

Whether your business is is brick and mortar, or online, do as much as you can yourself. Bootstrapping is IN style, if indeed it ever went out of style. Getting funding to “expand” is always easier than getting funding to “start”.

Yes, this means more extensive planning and researching than you may have done previously.

Yes, this means developing prototypes and test marketing before spending millions on a project.

Yes, this means actually beginning the business if you can. Most businesses can start early. Most businesses can begin as an online business, a very inexpensive alternative to a brick and mortar business. A beauty salon would have a hard time, but a professional speaker, credit repair, and dozens of other businesses are naturals for online businesses. Even the beauty salon can begin online if it will have some unique products to sell. One lady I know began her business online, making custom mineral makeup. It was so successful that she never opened the boutique business she had planned. Now she fills orders from around the world every day. She discovered, too, that she didn’t even need a business plan – she had all the money she needed.

2. Be THE pro in the business

Nobody wants to finance your on the job training. Prove up front in your business plan that you’ve got industry experience and management success behind you. The “wanna be’s” are in for a rude awakening over the next few years.

Your business plan needs to tell the tales of your successes. Lists of “accomplishments” can get pretty boring. Translate those into real vignettes and it is a slam dunk. Don’t have the success stories to tell yet? Well, get them. Don’t expect funding until you’ve got the tales to tell.

3. Be The Dreamer

Capture your lender with your enthusiasm and sincerity. Swallow whatever fear and misgiving you may have, and march up to the lender, stick out your hand and say, “I’m Josephine Martinez, the entrepreneur down the street.” It doesn’t matter if that business isn’t open yet, you are still “the entrepreneur down the street”.

There is just something catchy about someone with such unbridled enthusiasm, especially in tough economic times. Your lender will want to capture your energy, and just may want to keep you around.

4. Be The Realist

Recognize that some businesses will be easier to fund than others. Repair businesses, credit businesses, low cost businesses will all be better off than a custom tailoring shop.

Highly capitalized businesses like restaurants, construction and resorts have a tough time presenting successful business plans in tough times. The tougher your business is to fund, the more important it is to do your homework. Don’t wait for your lender to tell you to do it, or even to vaguely ask for it. March in with your stats in your hand. It is the only way.

5. Go For It

This is the most important step. Lots of folks are sitting in the wings, waiting for the economy to change. Well, it is not going to change soon.

The US economy, and the world economy, are in the wringer like they haven’t been for half a century or more. Because of that, everyone assumes there is no money to be had. Well, it just ain’t so. There is money there, but few people know where to put their money so that it is both safe and making money. Your job is to prove that your business is the answer.

And there IS money out there. Lots of it. Honest. Go for it. Now.

MaryAnn Shank, the talented and rough weathered pro at Business Plan Master has helped thousands of businesses navigate tough economic times. Here is where her experience shines.

photo credit: zhushmanson

Starting a small business has proven to be on e of the best ways to build wealth in America. Over 90% of all millionaires are small business owners. Taking the first step towards financial freedom is the most important thing you can do.

Now, financing your business venture can prove to be more difficult than many imagine. The good news is that there are thousands of grant programs available to people looking to start or expand a small business.

Many grant websites out there would like us to believe that it’s as easy as locating an obscure federal grant program and then sending them a letter and wait for the check in the mail. Furthermore, they’ll charge $59 for this info and provide no guidance on how to apply for the grant. It is important to realize:

(i) It is NOT that easy to get free money from the government
(ii)…but it IS absolutely possible, with a little research & work, to get truly free money from the government (or any one of several private foundations).

Now, most US government grants for businesses are targeted at larger corporations or non-profits organizations, particularly those specializing in education or medicine. The best-bet for getting money for a small-business is from private organizations and state agencies.

The process of finding a small business grant program to apply for and reviewing the requirements to getting is very time consuming. After conducting a two-week search for a medical publisher, I found the requirements to be very specific and difficult to meet.

Eligibility can be based on your location, and your business’ sales revenue to the application date, years in business, sex, race, and even for the purpose of funding. If your business sets out on a small business grant seeking mission there are some questions that you will have to answer which are:

1. Do you have the time and the resources available so that you can search for a small business grant program and apply for it?

2. Can you afford to hire a consultant if you are unsure of how to do it, or can you learn the grant application process by yourself?

3. Does your business need the money right now for expansion or can you wait up to a year?

If you want to take a look at the small business grants available, the best place to start is the Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance (CFDA). The CFDA lists thousands of grants from all government agencies for free. Many business grants will be geared towards minority business development or rural business opportunity grants. Do not overlook the other assistance programs available such as equipment and training.

When you do locate a small business program, you will need to be ready to go through the, approval process. Most beginners spend too much time searching for a grant program then not enough time preparing and writing the grant application. This is crucial to your success as getting grant money. Our goal is to help people spend less time finding grants and providing them with a detailed approach to preparing a successful grant application.

Here are some tips:

Small Business Grant Tips

- Provide the grant company with all of your complete and accurate information in the application. An incomplete application will likely not make the review process or it can add delay your grant form getting approved.

- Get to know your grant officer and their constraints, budget and concerns with approving your grant.

- Stand out among the crowd with a well-prepared business plan if required. You will have to demonstrate your understanding of the business. Show how the money will bring the benefit the government agency wants.

If you find that you are willing to go through the steps that will be needed in order for you to get your grant, then this will be your comprehensive guide to making it happen. Visit our website for some free resources such as state funding agencies and more grant writing resources.

Two years ago I went through the agonizing process of getting a grant to buy a local business. A lot of Grant sites out there will charge you $50+ for the info in this article… There are a couple of things to remember when shopping for a grant program. Let this article point you in the right direction and read more at http://www.OfficialGovernmentGrants.com

photo credit: Lori Greig

Green investing is growing up. Previously the province of a small number of investors who chased an even smaller number of companies, the market for environmental technology has expanded dramatically in recent years. And it has captured investors’ wallet share along the way. Inflows into green funds totaled $766 million for the year ending May 31, according to Morningstar, compared with $37 million in net outflows from religious funds over same time period. (Morningstar tracks these two subcategories under the umbrella of socially responsible investing, or SRI, funds). “The interest has turned from ‘maybe I’ll dabble in this’ to ‘this is an asset class I should include in my portfolio,’” says Jerry Moskowitz, president of FTSE Americas.

Surging fuel prices have helped make green technology one of the biggest equity growth areas in the U.S., says John Quealy, a green tech analyst at Canaccord Adams, an independent financial services firm in Boston. New products are keeping pace. Mutual funds represent the largest share of socially and environmentally screened funds, with $171.7 billion in total net assets invested across 173 different funds, according to the Social Investment Forum’s 2007 Report on Socially Responsible Investing Trends in the United States. Exchange-traded funds accounted for only 1% of the total assets of all socially and environmentally screened funds at the beginning of 2007, but their ranks are growing daily.

The source of investors’ fascination is, of course, the need to find alternatives to oil and other fossil fuels in today’s environment of scarcity and climate change. We’ve reached a point where environmental technologies have moved way beyond good wishes for Mother Earth, and are starting to make economic sense. Alternative energy has finally captured businesses’ and investors’ imaginations and the gold rush is on-and so are nascent fears of a bubble.

Oil prices of $140 or more per barrel highlight the scarcity-or at least, the fears of scarcity-of this hot commodity. Global demand for oil will only increase over the short term, even if record gas prices finally cause Americans to curb their consumption.

China and India are expected to more than double their energy use by 2030, according to the International Energy Agency. Increasing demand for fossil fuels pushes their prices up, which in turn spurs technological advances across all alternative energies. The world will continue developing better ways to power cars (the next iteration of the Toyota Prius, the ragingly popular gas sipper, will come with solar cells that help run its air conditioning), as well as alternatives to coal and other greenhouse gas emitters. Industry experts say that oil would have to drop back down to $50 per barrel for alternatives like solar, wind and geothermal energies to lose their economic viability.

Here’s a closer a look at the opportunities, and some potential risks, in green investing.

Clean and Green

Investors considering environmental tech should start by defining their terms. For example, some use “clean tech” and “green tech” interchangeably, while others make a clear distinction. Jack Robinson falls into the latter group. The manager of the $410 million Winslow Green Growth Fund-whose three-, five- and 10-year performance has bested the Russell 2000 Growth Index-defines green companies as those involved in a bona fide, sustainable solution to global warming or other environmental ills; clean companies, in his parlance, are environmentally neutral. One clean company that Winslow holds in Green Growth is Bankrate, a North Palm Beach, Fla.-based online consumer banking and personal finance network. A green company he owns is Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, a Waterbury, Vt.-based purveyor of fair trade organic coffee that is carbon-neutral and donates 5% of its earnings to earth-friendly causes.

Investors must also decide for themselves what constitutes a green company. Quealy identifies four subcategories within the green sector: energy and power technology, which includes fuel cells; water technology; recycling technology; and bioresource technology, which includes ethanol. However, many so-called green companies don’t draw 100% of their revenues from green activities. Purely returns-driven investors may not care to know the full scope of a company’s endeavors, but those who see themselves as socially responsible will. “If you’re large enough, you’re going to be doing things some people don’t like,” says Peter Kinder, president of KLD Research & Analytics, a Boston-based social research and index firm.

Robinson won’t hold companies that are at all “dirty.” For example, he won’t own BP, even though the British oil company is also developing alternative energies. Don Rogers, executive director of Virginia United Methodist Pensions, won’t invest in conglomerates with more than 10% of their income from any combination of alcohol, firearms and gambling. Green investors also line up on different sides of the nuclear power divide, with some embracing the technology as an attractive alternative to fossil fuels and others shunning it as expensive, a cause of toxic waste and prone to accidents or terrorist attacks.

The growth of green tech investment vehicles mirrors the increase in individual companies in the space. When Robinson first began investing in the category 15 years ago, he had only a handful of stocks to choose from. These days, he says, “the universe has expanded dramatically and a lot of the small caps have become mid-caps or even large caps.” One stock that graduated from small cap to mid-cap on Robinson’s watch is Itron, a Liberty Lake, Wash.-based company that produces electricity, gas, water and heat meters. When Robinson first invested in the company in early 2006, its market cap was under $1 billion, and today it’s about $3 billion.

The Al Gore Effect

photo credit: World Economic Forum

Many credit Al Gore and his 2006 Oscar-winning movie, An Inconvenient Truth, for the uptick in consumers’ desire to go green. “He’s had a major impact on educating the public,” Robinson says. And today, more consumers are gaining access to green mutual funds through their 401(k) plans, he notes.

Christopher Manning, a financial advisor in Houston who focuses on SRI, says alternative energy investments are the most popular SRI category among his new clients this year. He uses Green Century mutual funds with his clients, as well as two PowerShares ETFs, Global Water and WilderHill Clean Energy.

Before he launched his own SRI-focused firm in 2005, Manning worried about how it would play deep in oil country. While he hasn’t encountered any outright hostility toward his mission, he says, he has found plenty of educational opportunities among potential clients. He’s also found himself quite a niche. “In this area, I’m the only game in town” for clients interested in SRI, Manning says.

Justin Harris, a financial advisor in Seattle, says few of his clients come in with specific requests about green investing. Most request a general negative screen that weeds out tobacco, gambling and alcohol stocks. While many advisors adopt SRI vehicles at their clients’ request, Harris went the opposite route: About seven years ago he set a mandate that all assets his clients invested with him would be in socially responsible investments. “I saw I wasn’t gaining anything by divorcing my money from my values,” he says. Harris didn’t lose any clients as a result of the mandate, and clients embraced the cause. “I find that people really want to be fully engaged,” he says. “They want to walk their talk.”

Policy Watch

As with so many issues in this election year, market watchers wonder how the new occupant of the White House will affect green technology next year and beyond. Both the presumptive Republican and Democratic nominees, John McCain and Barack Obama, respectively, support a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions, so it’s likely this initiative will move forward regardless of the election’s outcome. A system adopted by the European Union several years ago, a cap-and-trade system creates market incentives for reducing carbon emissions. Companies are allotted a certain number of permits to release carbon gases, and if they can figure out a way to reduce their emissions, they can sell their excess permits for cash.

When investing in individual securities, investors can analyze how well companies are preparing themselves for these coming regulations, says Todd Larsen, spokesman for the Social Investment Forum, a trade association of the U.S. social investment industry. Companies will incur greater costs as a result of cap-and-trade regulations, and they will pass these costs along to their customers. For example, a one-cent increase in the cap-and-trade cost per ton of carbon translates into a 33% increase in the end consumer’s electricity costs, Robinson says. Investors interested in carbon as a commodity also have expanding options: In June, Barclays launched the first exchange-traded note offering investors pure exposure to the global price of carbon.

Many assume that a Democratic administration will be friendlier toward SRI principles. For example, conventional wisdom holds that Obama would be more likely than McCain to increase incentives for environmentally friendly corporate behavior. But in some ways, among individual investors the opposite may hold true. “SRI is demand-driven, and there’s nothing like a Republican president to drive demand,” says one prominent industry participant who requested anonymity for fear of being perceived as cynical. Indeed, frustration at President George W. Bush’s dismal environmental record has contributed to the popularity of alternative energy investments in recent years.

Investors or Believers

While the next occupant of the White House may affect certain environmental policies, SRI and green investing has enough momentum that it should make progress no matter who wins this November. “There has been a sea change at work,” says Calvert CEO Barbara Krumsiek. Corporations have embraced positive change on environment, social and governance issues (also known as “ESG”), she notes. Large institutions like public pension funds have taken up SRI investing, including shareholder advocacy, and investors are expressing unprecedented interest in SRI, Krumsiek continues.

Calvert doesn’t track how many of its investors are purely returns driven, as opposed to those who invest according their beliefs, but Krumsiek believes that both groups are well represented among her shareholders. The venerable SRI fund family ventured into the green tech space last year with the launch of the Calvert Global Alternative Energy Fund. The fund was down 12.1 % as of June 30, negative 0.2 points below Standard & Poor’s 500 results for the same period, according to Morningstar. Calvert plans to launch a Global Water Fund in the third quarter.

Bill Crager, president of Envestnet, a Chicago-based provider of investment management products and services, envisions a day when information on companies’ environmental, social and governance track records will become more readily available. One day, he predicts, clients might receive, along with their quarterly returns statement, a statement of their holdings’ sustainability efforts. This could take the form of a report on individual companies and how they help or hurt the planet during that time frame, by opening up a water filtration plant, say, or by polluting a local river, Crager says. Envestnet’s products include Veris Sustainable Strategies, mutual fund portfolios for socially conscious investors.

Potential SRI investors will invariably ask whether investing with their hearts-and their attention on ESG reports rather than earnings reports-will damage their wallets in the form of lower returns. “My experience is all investors are returns driven,” says Dan Porter, founder and vice president of marketing for IW Financial, a Portland, Maine-based provider of environmental, social and governance research, consulting and portfolio management solutions. “When I want to incorporate my values, the question is, can I do that at an acceptable level of cost?” The answer will vary from client to client.

Ready to Boil?

Only a handful of green mutual funds and ETFs tracked by Morningstar have even a five-year track record. “The jury is still out about performance of SRI funds in general,” says Stephen Horan, head of private wealth and investor education at the CFA Institute. “Both sides can cite studies to support their case.” Not surprisingly, of those that do, some have underperformed and others have outperformed the broader market. Those in the latter category include Winslow Green Growth, with 11.2% five-year returns as of June 26, compared with 7.4% for the Standard & Poor’s 500; and the New Alternatives Fund, which invests in alternative energy and boasts an 18.1% five-year return as of June 26, according to Morningstar.

Outsize returns like those may prompt the question of whether alternative energy is entering bubble territory. It’s never an easy question to answer. “If it pops, we’ll know,” says Johann Klaassen, vice president of managed account programs for First Affirmative Financial Network, an independent investment advisory firm in Colorado Springs, Colo., that designs green investment portfolios. That said, Klaassen believes alternative energy is still in “the opportunity phase.”

Robinson says solar companies got “priced to perfection” recently but have since receded from their highs. It would be wrong to avoid the category altogether, he says: “Long-term, solar is a part of the solution.” Oil prices will not likely make a big retreat, he believes, and demand for alternative energy sources will only grow.

After all, it’s not as if the world will stop using energy. FTSE’s Moskowitz says green tech companies are reporting solid earnings that are reflected in FTSE’s environmental indexes, the FTSE ET50 and the FTSE Environmental Opportunities All-Share Index. “They don’t look wild,” Moskowitz says of his indexes’ components.

Even so, green tech investors must have a strong stomach to weather the sector’s volatility. Some of that volatility comes from the fact that most green tech stocks are small-cap growth companies, which are among the most mercurial. In addition, Quealy says, “We live in an unbelievable bull market for commodities, where geopolitical discussions swing the price of oil two to three bucks daily.” This adds another layer of volatility to green tech stocks that other sectors don’t share, he notes.

Quealy still thinks green tech companies rank among the best secular growth opportunities for the next five to 10 years. Stock pickers would do well to study the management, market and marketable technology of the companies they’re considering, instead of blindly investing in the sector as a hot growth prospect, he advises. “The passive investment approach is likely to be a risky one as Wall Street decides who the winners and the losers are,” Quealy says.

Jan Bryan, a planner specializing in SRI out of Prescott, Ariz., reports that while her clients expect competitive returns from their investments, these long-term investors also understand and accept cycles of underperformance. For example, when defense and big oil are doing particularly well, portfolios that eschew them will miss out on those gains. Her clients have found other kinds of rewards in SRI and green investing. “Clients absolutely love it when you ask them their views on social issues,” she says. “They feel respected and heard, and these are the most loyal clients.” Klaassen also notes the phenomenon of “sticky clients” in the space: “They get invested in us, as well as with us.” First Affirmative does get some returns-driven investors, but they generally don’t stick around for long. “Hot money flows in and flows out,” Klaassen notes.

Elizabeth O’Brien is an author with Financial Planning magazine. For more information, please visit http://www.financial-planning.com